Lock



July 5, 1938. s. A. Liss 2,122,478

INVENTOR:

'A'amuel 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 S. A. LISS LOCK Filed Sept. 9, 1935 July 5, 1938.

INVENTOR: Aaulylss,

I TTORNEY. v

Patented July 5, 1938 UNITED vSTATES PATENT OFFICE LOCK Application September 9, 1935, Serial No. 39,768

12 Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in locks of the cylinder type employing spring and key actuated tumblers in the locking mechanism thereof.

An object of the invention is to construct and relate the parts of the lock in a novel and advantageous manner for the prevention of the picking of the lock by the methods usually employed for that purpose.

Another object of the invention is to provide a novel construction and relation of parts whereby the locking mechanism and the associated supporting parts thereof may be removed from the lock casing which is permanently mounted in its support for repairing and other purposes.

Another object is to so construct and relate the parts of the locking mechanism and the associated supporting parts thereof that the same may be easily and quickly assembled and disassembled when removed from the casing.

Another object is to provide a novel and advantageous means or supplemental locking device for locking and unlocking the aforesaid locking mechanism and associated parts within the permanent casing by the aid of a supplemental key, such means or device being unoperable by the -key provided for the regular operation of the main locking mechanism.

The invention resides in the elements and the combinations of them hereinafter described and claimed. Y

In the accompanying drawings, illustrating the invention,

Figure 1 is a side view of a lock constructed in accordance with the invention.

Figure 2 is a View of the rearward or inner end of the lock.

Figure 3 is a longitudinal section of the lock, on line 3--3 of Fig. 2, showing the regular operating key therefor inserted into the lock cylinder. Y

Figure 4 is a transverse section of the lock,

y on line 4 4 of Fig. 3.

anism and the associated supporting parts removed from the permanent casing.

Figure 10 is a side View of the parts shown in Fig. 9.

Figure 11 is a front view of the permanent .5 casing alone.

Figure 12 is a front View of the removable casing member.

Figure 13 is aside view of the member shown in Fig. 12.

Figure 14 is an end view of the part which contains the secondary tumblers.

Figure 15 is a side View of the part shown in Fig. 14.`

Figure 16 isa side view of the lock cylinder with l5 removable head thereof removed therefrom.

Figure 17 is a side view of the removable head of the cylinder.

Referring to the drawings, 2 designates the casing of the lock which is constructed to be per- 20 manently secured to or within any suitable support with which the lock is to be used.

'I'he construction -of the casing 2 is clearly illustrated -in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 11. The exterior of the casing may be of any desired configuration, 25 and, as herein shown, it is of cylindrical form having an annular ange 5 on its forward end. The vforward -wall of the casing has a round depression 6 formed therein, as best shown in Figs.

3 and 1l, and the lcasing has a bore 'I which ex- 30 tends completely through the lower portion thereof longitudinally of the same. The casing is also provided with a channel 8 which extends completely through the upper portion thereof parallel to the bore 1 and which is angular in cross sec- 35 tion and which opens into the bore 'I, as shown inthe drawings.

The casing 2 carries a removable casing member 9 as shown in Figs. 12 and 13, comprising a round disc or head I0 tted within the casing 40 depression 6 and a bar I I which is formed on or secured lthereto and which yextends rearwardly therefrom through the casing channel 8. The top and side walls of the bar Il are fitted to the top and side walls of the channel 8, and the bar II is provided with a channel I2 having an open bottom and extending longitudinally therethrough from end to end thereof.

Located within the bore 1 of the casing 2 and 50 Within the channel I2 of the casing member II is a part or fitting I3, as shown in Figs. 14 and 15, comprising-a sleeve I4 and a block I5 extending upwardly therefrom. The sleeve I4 is tted to the casing bore 1 and the block I5 extends into 55 the channel I2 of the bar II of the casing member 9.

The lock cylinder I6 extends through the sleeve I4 and it is tted to be rotated therein. The forward end of the cylinder I6 is providedwith a round head I1 which is iitted to turn in a round hole or opening I8 in the disc or head I9 of the casing member 5, and the rearward end of the cylinder I6 is provided with a removable head I9 which receives the end portion of the cylinder within a surrounding collar or 'iiange 29 and which is detachably secured to the cylinder by means of screws 2I which pass through the head` I9 and are screwed into the cylinder.

The space between the cylinder heads II and I9 is equal to the length of the sleeve I4 of the part or fitting I3, and the heads I'I and I9 are arranged to engage the ends of the iitting I3 to prevent longitudinal displacement of the cylinder within the lock. K

The fitting I3 is of equal length with the bar II of the removable casing member 9, and the block I5 of the tting is retained within the channel I2 of the bar II by a laterally movable locking plate 22 carried by the rearward end of the bar. This locking plate 22 has slotted Sides which embrace rearwardly extending blocks or projections 23 formed on the ends'ofthe side walls of the bar II. These blocks or'projections 23 guide the plate 22 during the lateral movement thereof and serve as stops to limit suchniovement when the plate is moved from the position shown in Fig. 2 to the position shown in Fig. 6 and back again. The plate 22 is retained in slidable contact with the end of the bar II by the heads of screws 24 which are screwed into the blocks 23, and a friction spring 25 having a free end bearing against the-plate 22 and another end held in place between one ofthe blocks 23 and the head of one of the screws 24 serves to prevent accidental displacement of the platefrom either of the positions to which it is moved. v

When the locking plate 22 is in the position shown in Fig. 2, the left hand sidethereof isfprojected over a portion of the rearward end of the permanent casing 2 and by its engagement therewith retains the disc or headV I9 of the removable casing member 9 within the depression 6i in the forward end of the casing and thereby locks the member 9 within the permanent casing 2.

When the locking plate 22 is moved to the position shown in Fig. 6, the various parts of the lock may be removed from the permanent casing and disassembled, as will be hereinafter described.

The width of the channel I2 in the bar II is greater than the width of the block I5 of the itting I3 to permit limited lateral movement of the block and to permit limited turning movement of the sleeve I4 when theblock I5 is moved laterally by turning the entire fitting on the axis of the sleeve I5 and cylinder I6, for a purpose vhereinafter described, and, when the. casing member 9 is locked within the casing 2 by the plate 22, the head I9 and plate 22 prevent longitudinal displacement of the tting and permit it to be turned slightly on the axis of its sleeve I4A within the casing bore 'I while the heads on the respective ends of the cylinder.. I6 engage the respective ends of the fitting sleeve I4 and preventjlongitudinal displacement of the cylinder I6 and permit it to be turned on its axis within the sleeve.

The cylinder I6. has a key-way 26 Vformed therein and extending longitudinally thereof and having an open outer end for the reception of a key 2?, shown in Fig. 3, for the regularvnr operation of the lock, and the cylinder 'I6 is provided With a longitudinally extending row of transversely extending parallel bores 29 within which a set of pins 36 constituting the primary tumblers of the lock are slidably tted.

The block I5 of the tting I3 is provided with a longitudinally extending row of parallel bores 3l within which a set of pins 32 constituting the secondary tumblers of the lock are slidably fitted in axial alinement with the primary tumblers 39.

The primary and secondary tumblers 3G and 32, respectively, are of equal diameter so that they may slide freely within the respective bores of the cylinder I6 and fitting I3 and cross the line of division between them.

The cylinder bores for the primary tumblers 39 open into the key-way 26 and when the key 2l is absent from the key-way 26, the downward or inward movement of the tumblers 36 is limited by the top` wall of a rib 3| which is received within a groove 33 in the key 21 when the key is inserted into the cylinder. l

The tumblers are urged yieldingly toward the rib 3| of the key-way by springs 34 located within the upper or outer bores for the secondary tumblers 32 and exerting pressure between the secondary tumblers and a longitudinally extending plate 35 carried by the block I5. This plate 35 is tted to slide longitudinally within a groove formed in the upper portion of the block I5 and having under-cut side walls fitted to corresponding side walls of the plate. The plate 35 is removable from the block I5 when the Yfitting I3 is removed from the member 9 for a purpose hereinafter appearing.

When the key 2 for Vthe regular operationY of the lock is inserted into the key-way 26, the key engages the primary tumblers 39 and moves them and the secondary tumblers 32 against the pressure of the springs 34 to bring the opposing ends of the primary and secondary tumblers into registry with the outer surface of the cylinder I6 and Each of the secondary tumblers 32 is providedY with a series of annular grooves36, each groove of which has a downwardly and inwardly beveled wall leading to an abrupt shoulder formed by theV vbottom of the groove, as clearly shown in the drawing; and the block I5 of the fitting I3 is provided with longitudinally extending grooves 3'I in the opposite sides thereof -inv the region of the union of the block I5 with the sleevel i4 and into which opposite sides of the grooved secondary tumblers 32 extend. Y v

The bottom of the side walls of thebar II of the casing member 9 has longitudinally extending, parallel plates 38 suitably secured thereto and extending inwardly therefrom into the grooves 31 of the block I5. rIhe inner edges of the plates 38 lare beveled downwardly and inwardly in correspondence with theY beveled walls of the tumbler grooves 36, and the space between such inner edges is equal to or slightly in excess of the diameter ofthe secondary tumblers 32 to permit free movement ofthe tumblers between the plates during the operation of the llock by the keys provided for that purpose.

L'it

The purpose of providing the rockable fitting I3 and the plates 38 and the grooves 36 in the secondary tumblers 32 is to prevent the lock from being picked by the methodsy usually employed Vwhich involve the use of side pressure against some or all of the primary tumblers either in locating the unlocking positions of the tumblers or in holding them in such unlocking positions after they have been moved thereto or both. Should such side pressure be exerted against -any of the primary tumblers 3l), during an attempt to pick the lock, suchl pressure will rock the fitting' I3 on the axis ofthe cylinder I6 and sleeve I4 and thus move the fitting block I5 laterally and cause the beveled inner edgeof one of the plates 38 to enter some of the grooves 3B of the secondary tumblers and prevent the tum- -blers from being moved to the unlocking position.

The pin which constitutes the innermost primary tumbler 3!! is made in two separable parts 39y and 40. rearwardly extending blade 4I having an upwardly extending projection 42 on 4its rearward end. This blade 4I and its projection 42 are fitted to slide in a slot of equal width therewith in the rearward end of the cylinder I6 and extending through the collar or ange 20 of the head I9 on the rearward end of the cylinder.

The table 4I and its projection 42 are constructed to be moved from the position shown in Fig. 3 to the position shown in Fig. 5 when the primary tumbler 3l! carrying them is -so moved, and, when these parts are moved to the position shown in Fig. 5, the projection 42 is moved into a notch 43 in the bottom of the locking plate 22. The parts are moved to the position shown in Fig. 5 by a supplemental key 44 inserted into the key-way 26, as shown in Fig'. 5. This supplemental key is like the key 2'I which is provided for the regular operation of the lock, excepting that, in the supplemental key, the free or inner end of the key bit which sets the innermost primary tumbler 30 carrying the blade 4I is constructed and shaped to set these parts in the position shown in Fig. 5 in which the line of division between the two parts 39 and 40 of the innermost'tumbler 30 is in registry with the line of division between the sleeve I4 and the cylinder I6, so that when the key 44 is inserted into the cylinder the projection 42 will be moved into the notch 43 and the cylinder I6 may be turned by the inserted key.

It will now be understood that when the supplemental key 44 is inserted into the cylinder I6 the latter will be unlocked and may be turned in either direction to cause the projection 42 to engage either end of the notch 43 and move the locking plate 22 from either to the other of the positions shown in Figs. 2 and 5.

Normally the locking plate 22 rests in the position shown in Fig. 2 and thereby locks or retains the locking mechanism and the associated supporting parts thereof within the permanent casing 2 for the regular operation of the lock by the key 21.

When, however, it is desired to disassemble the parts of the lock for repairing or other purposes, the key 44 is inserted into the cylinder I6 and the cylinder is turned to cause the projection 42 to move the locking plate 22 from the position shown in Fig. 2 to the position shown in Fig. 6. This done, the casing member 9, the tting I3, the locking cylinder I6 and the parts carried thereby, as shown in Figs. 9 andrlO, may be The lower part 39 is provided with a bodily removed as a unit fromthe permanent casing 2 through the forward end thereof. After these parts have been thus removed from the casing 2, the supplemental key 44 may be withdrawn from the cylinder I6 and the screws 24 and locking plate 22 may be removed Afrom the casing member 9,. shown in Figs. 12 and 13, to permit the tting I3 and cylinder H6 therein to be removed rearwardly from the member Q. This done, the plate 35 may be removed from the block I5 of the tting I3 shown in Figs. le and 15, and thereafter the spring 34, secondary tumblers.32 and all the primary tumblers 30 excepting. the innermost one may be removed from the fitting I3 and cylinder i6 through the upper ends of the tumbler guiding bores in the fitting; and, after the screws 2| have been removed from the cylinder head I9, the head I9 may be removed from the cylinder and the cylinder removed from the sleeve I4 and thereafter the primary tumbler 30 carrying the blade 4I may be removed from the cylinder. v

The parts of the lock may be reassembled by a reversal of the disassembling operation just described, and after the parts have been reassembled the supplemental key 44 may be in-I serted into the cylinder I 6 and the cylinder turned to move the locking plate 22 from the position shown in Fig. 5 to the position shown in Fig. 2 to lock the parts within the permanent casing 2, whereupon the supplemental key 44 is withdrawn from. the cylinder i3 and the lock is in normal condition for regular operation by the key 21.

The rearward cylinder head i9 is provided with a projecting flange 45 as a suitable means to engage and move the part to be operated by the locking cylinder I6.

I claim:

1. In a lock, a casing, a key operated rotatable cylinder, a primary tumbler movable within. the cylinder, a secondary tumbler cooperating with the primary tumbler for locking and unlocking the cylinder, laterally movable guiding means for the secondary tumbler, and means rendered operable to prevent the unlocking functioning of the secondary tumbler upon lateral movement of the latter and its guiding means.

2. In a lock, a casing, a key operated rotatable cylinder, a primary tumbler movable within the cylinder, a secondary tumbler cooperating with the yprimary tumbler for locking and unlocking the cylinder, and laterally movable guiding means for the secondary tumbler, said secondary tumbler having a shoulder, and said casing having a part constructed to be engaged by said shoulder to prevent the unlocking functioning of the secondary tumbler when it and its guiding means are moved laterally.

3. In a lock, a casing, a key operated rotatable cylinder, a primary tumbler movable within the cylinder, a secondary tumbler cooperating with the primary tumbler for locking and unlocking the cylinder, and a part movable laterally on the axis of the cylinder and providing guiding means for the secondary tumbler and having a bore in which the cylinder is mounted, said secondary tumbler having a shoulder, and said casing having a part constructed to be engaged by said shoulder to prevent the unlocking functioning of the secondary tumbler when it and its guiding means are moved laterally.

4. In a lock, a casing having a bore therein, a laterally movable part having a sleeve portion fitted to turn within the bore in the casing, a key operated cylinder rotatably mounted within said sleeve portion, a primary tumbler movable Within the cylinder, a secondary tumbler guided Within said part and cooperating with the primary tumbler for locking and unlocking the cylinder, and means rendered operable to prevent the unlocking functioning of the secondary tumbler upon lateral movement of the latter and said part.

5. In a lock, a casing having a bore therein, a laterally' movable part having a sleeve portion iitted to turn within the bore in the casing, a key operated cylinder rotatably mounted Withvin said sleeve portion, a primary tumbler movable within the cylinder, a secondary tumbler guided within said part and cooperating with the primary tumbler for locking and unlocking the cylinder, said secondary tumbler having a shoulder, and said casing having a part constructed to be engaged by said shoulder to prevent the unlocking functioning of the secondary tumbler when it and said laterally movable part are moved laterally.

6. In a look, a casing, a key operated rotatable cylindena primary tumbler movable within the cylinder, a secondary tumbler cooperating with the primary tumbler for locking and unlocking the cylinder, and laterally movable guiding means for the secondary tumbler, said secondary tumbler having a plurality of annular grooves providing a plurality of shoulders, and said casing having a part constructed to be engaged by any one of said Shoulders to prevent the unlocking functioning of the secondary tumbler when it and its guiding means are moved laterally.

7. In a lock, a casing having a bore therein, a. laterally movable part having a sleeve portion fitted to turn Within the bore inthe casing, a key operated cylinder rotatably mounted within said sleeve portion, a primary tumbler movable within the cylinder, a secondary tumbler guided Within said part and cooperating with the primary tumbler ior locking and unlocking the cylinder, means rendered operable to prevent the unlocking functioning of the secondary tumbler upon lateral movement of the latter and said part, and key operated means for releasably maintaining said part Within the casing.

8. In a lock, a casing, a casing member within and removable from the casing, a part having a sleeve portion, a key operated cylinder rotatably mounted witnin said sleeve portion and having heads. on the respective ends thereof for engagement with the ends of said part, one of said heads being removable from the cylinder to permit the removal ofr the cylinder from the sleeve, said member, said part and said cylinder being removable as a unit from the casing, a primary tumbler movable within the cylinder, a secondary tumbler movable within said part and cooperating with the primary tumbler for locking and unlocking the cylinder, and ,key controlled means operated by a turning movement of the cylinder for releasably maintaining said member Within the casing. Y

9. In a lock, a casing, a casing member Within n and removable fre-m the casing, a part carried by and removable from said member, a key opouter end of the casing, locking mechanism care ried by the member and removable therewith from the casing, a locking plate carried by the inner end of the member, and key operated means for moving said plate into and from a position in which its engagement with the casing prevents the removalof the member therefrom.

1l. In a lock, a casing, a casing member within and removable from the casing, a locking device ior locking sai-d member within the casing, and locking mechanism carried by said member and including a locking cylinder having a key operated tumbler movable tey two positions by diierentkeys inserted into the cylinder, said tumbler having means associated therewith'to effect the l-ocking of the cylinder when the tumbler is away from either ofsaid positions and to effect the unlocking of the'cylinder when the tumbler is in either of said positions, and said tumbler having means constructed to operate said locking device only when the tumbler is in one of said positions. Y

l2. A lock fitting comprisinga body having a cylinder receiving sleeve portion and a block extending outwardly therefrom and having a roW of tumbler receiving bores'opening into the sleeve and having grooves in the opposite sides thereof which open into the bores.

SAMUEL A. LISS. 

